Learn - Movers and shakers
A lay of the land: the big players in the AI context space. For each we outline their position in the market, their aims, what they offer, and how we see their move to corner their facet — so you can see who targets which slice and who might fit you best.
Jump to: Cursor, Anthropic, OpenAI, GitHub, Model Context Protocol (MCP), Google, Meta, JetBrains, Windsurf (→ Cognition), Replit, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Firecrawl, GStack, Paperclip
Cursor
Cursor is an AI-native code editor built on VS Code — and, since March 2026, available inside JetBrains IDEs via Agent Client Protocol. With Cursor 2.0 they moved from in-editor assistance to cloud-native parallel agent execution: up to 8 background agents running in isolated cloud environments simultaneously, coordinating on the same codebase.
Aims in the market
- Run multiple agents in parallel on isolated cloud environments, not just in the editor.
- Expand to all major IDEs via Agent Client Protocol (ACP), breaking dependence on VS Code.
- Make the repo and project context the default input for AI assistance across cloud and local agents.
- Support a growing ecosystem of rules, MCP, and team marketplaces so teams can customise behaviour.
Offerings
- Background Agents — Async cloud agents that spawn sub-agents, running tasks in parallel. Up to 8 agents in isolated environments in Cursor 2.0.
- Bugbot — Graduated from code reviewer to autonomous PR fixer — spins up cloud agents to test and propose fixes on pull requests.
- Cloud Agents & Computer Use — Cloud-hosted agents with Computer Use capability and team marketplace for shared agent configurations.
- JetBrains integration (ACP) — Cursor agents available inside IntelliJ IDEA, PyCharm, and WebStorm via Agent Client Protocol — not just VS Code.
- Rules and .mdc files — Project-level and task-level guidance stored in the repo, shared across agents and editors.
- MCP support — Model Context Protocol for tools, resources, and prompts across all Cursor surfaces.
- Chat and inline edits — Conversational and inline AI assistance in the editor.
The move: We can see their move to corner the cloud-native parallel agent layer — Cursor 2.0 shifts the primary surface from the editor to coordinated cloud environments, with Bugbot as the first autonomous agent closing the loop on PRs. The JetBrains ACP integration is equally significant: Cursor is no longer a VS Code fork but an agent platform that runs where developers already are. They are now competing with GitHub's Coding Agent as directly as they compete with Windsurf.
Anthropic
Anthropic is an AI safety lab and the creator of Claude. Beyond the model family, they have built Claude Code into a full agent orchestration platform — with a hooks system, subagents framework, and a plugin/skills layer — and donated MCP to the Agentic AI Foundation under the Linux Foundation, cementing it as the industry-wide connector standard.
Aims in the market
- Establish Claude as the default choice for high-stakes and enterprise AI use.
- Build Claude Code as the programmable runtime under multi-agent workflows — hooks, subagents, skills, and plugins as first-class primitives.
- Drive MCP adoption as the universal connector standard, now steered by a neutral foundation.
- Own the "safe, steerable, useful" narrative for frontier models and agentic systems.
Offerings
- Claude — Family of models (Sonnet, Opus, Haiku) with long context, tool use, and extended thinking for complex reasoning tasks.
- Claude Code — CLI-based coding agent with subagents framework (parallel task execution), hooks system (lifecycle events for custom behaviour), Skills/slash commands, and Bare mode for scripted CI calls.
- Model Context Protocol (MCP) — Open protocol for tools, resources, and prompts — donated to the Agentic AI Foundation (Linux Foundation, Dec 2025). Now adopted natively by Apple Xcode, OpenAI ChatGPT, Cursor, and others.
- Agent SDK and Plugins — Libraries and extension points for building agents; plugins support custom agents, hooks, MCP servers, and LSP servers as first-class types.
The move: We can see their two-track move: at the model layer, Claude leads on safety, long context, and reasoning; at the platform layer, Claude Code is becoming a programmable agent OS — hooks let teams intercept every lifecycle event, subagents enable parallel task trees, and skills make workflows reusable. Donating MCP to a neutral foundation removes the "Anthropic-controlled standard" objection and accelerates ecosystem adoption — so the same context layer serves Claude, Cursor, Xcode, and ChatGPT alike.
OpenAI
OpenAI operates across consumer (ChatGPT), developer (Codex CLI and enterprise platform), and automation (Operator) surfaces. Codex — originally a code model, resurrected in 2025 as a full agent product — now has 2M+ weekly active users. The March 2026 acquisition of Astral (creators of ruff and uv) signals a move into developer tooling infrastructure beyond models.
Aims in the market
- Maintain ChatGPT as the primary consumer and prosumer AI experience.
- Make Codex the default coding agent for developers — CLI-first, enterprise-ready, powered by o3-optimised models.
- Capture the browser and computer automation layer with Operator (o3-powered Computer Use Agent).
- Acquire developer tooling infrastructure (Astral: ruff, uv) to own more of the developer workflow.
Offerings
- Codex CLI — Open-source local coding agent running in the terminal, powered by an o3-optimised Codex variant. Lightweight, composable, developer-first.
- Codex Enterprise — Cloud agent platform for teams; GPT-5.4 model family; 2M+ weekly active users as of March 2026.
- Operator — Browser and computer use agent (Computer Use Agent) for autonomous web tasks, now powered by o3.
- GPT-5.x family — Current model generation including GPT-5.4 mini and nano (March 2026) — the API backbone for Codex and third-party integrations.
- Astral acquisition (March 2026) — Acquired the creators of ruff (Python linter) and uv (Python package manager) — a move into developer tooling infrastructure below the model layer.
- ChatGPT — Conversational AI product for consumers and prosumers, with native MCP support added in early 2026.
The move: We can see their breadth play: Codex CLI for developers who want local-first tools; Codex Enterprise for teams; Operator for browser/computer automation; ChatGPT for consumers. The Astral acquisition is the most strategically interesting move — buying ruff and uv means OpenAI is inserting itself into the developer toolchain at the linter and package manager layer, not just at the model layer. Together, this is a bet that the AI company that touches the most points in the developer workflow wins.
GitHub
GitHub is the home of code and collaboration. With Copilot they sit where code lives: the repo, the PR, and the CI pipeline. Their position has shifted from "AI pair programmer" to "AI that autonomously converts issues into merged PRs" — with the Coding Agent, Code Review Agent, and Copilot SDK making GitHub the native agent runtime for teams that already live in GitHub.
Aims in the market
- Make Copilot the default autonomous coding agent for GitHub users — not just a pair programmer but an issue-to-PR pipeline.
- Tie AI value to the repository: code completion, PR creation, review, and issue resolution without leaving GitHub.
- Enable enterprise custom agents via the Copilot SDK, building a platform layer on top of proven Copilot infrastructure.
Offerings
- Copilot Coding Agent — Fully autonomous GitHub-native agent that converts issues into PRs, running in GitHub Actions. Creates, tests, and submits the PR without human intervention.
- Copilot Agent Mode — Multi-step autonomous task planning and execution across files and terminal, available in VS Code and JetBrains IDEs.
- Code Review Agent — Gathers full project context before suggesting changes; can hand off to the Coding Agent for automatic fix PRs. Shipped March 2026.
- Copilot SDK (Technical Preview) — Programmable agentic core embeddable in any application — plan, invoke, edit, and run as composable primitives.
- GitHub Copilot Chat — Conversational AI in the editor with repo context.
- GitHub-native integrations — Actions, Issues, and API for embedding AI across the full GitHub workflow.
The move: We can see their move to corner the "codebase as context, CI as execution" layer — the Coding Agent closes the loop from issue triage to merged PR entirely within GitHub infrastructure. The Copilot SDK means teams can build custom agents on top of Copilot's proven foundation, not just consume it. For organisations that standardise on GitHub, this makes Copilot the natural agent platform — no separate tool required.
Model Context Protocol (MCP)
MCP is an open protocol for connecting AI models to tools, resources, and prompts. Originated by Anthropic and donated to the Agentic AI Foundation under the Linux Foundation in December 2025, it is now a vendor-neutral standard with native adoption from Apple (Xcode 26.3), OpenAI (ChatGPT), Cursor, JetBrains, and many others.
Aims in the market
- Enable interoperability: one MCP server can serve multiple clients (Claude, Cursor, ChatGPT, Xcode, etc.).
- Standardise the "context layer": tools, resources, and prompts as first-class concepts across the ecosystem.
- Let the ecosystem build shared infrastructure (databases, APIs, workflows) without vendor lock-in.
Offerings
- MCP specification — Open protocol for servers and clients — now stewarded by the Agentic AI Foundation (Linux Foundation) rather than Anthropic.
- Tools — Actions the model can invoke (APIs, code execution, search).
- Resources — Data sources the model can read (files, docs, databases).
- Prompts — Reusable task templates that clients can run with the model.
The move: Donating MCP to a neutral foundation was the move that turned a promising protocol into a genuine standard. With Apple Xcode, OpenAI ChatGPT, Cursor, and JetBrains all adopting MCP natively, the "Anthropic-controlled standard" objection is gone. The connector layer is now effectively settled: teams and vendors building MCP servers can reach every major AI client without re-implementing integrations per product.
Google is a major model provider (Gemini) with a large ecosystem across Search, Workspace, and Cloud. In 2026 they moved decisively into autonomous coding agents with Jules (now GA, powered by Gemini 3 Pro with advanced thinking), and acquired key Windsurf talent and technology via a $2.4B licensing deal — bringing IDE UX expertise directly into the Gemini stack.
Aims in the market
- Establish Gemini as the default AI for Google users (Search, Workspace, Android) and for enterprises via Vertex.
- Own the autonomous coding agent space with Jules — a cloud-VM-based agent integrated with GitHub Issues and CI.
- Win developer workflows through Code Assist, Jules, and Vertex AI, bolstered by Windsurf technology and team.
Offerings
- Jules — Autonomous coding agent (GA March 2026): clones repos to Cloud VMs, plans with Gemini 3 Pro advanced thinking, integrates with GitHub issues. Tiers: Google AI Pro (5×), Ultra (20×).
- Gemini 3 Pro — Latest model with advanced thinking and agentic capabilities — the foundation for Jules and Gemini Code Assist.
- Gemini Code Assist — AI for developers in the IDE and in Cloud, informed by Windsurf UX licensing, with repo and pipeline context.
- Vertex AI — Enterprise platform for models, agents, and RAG with Google infrastructure.
- Grounding and retrieval — Real-time search and data grounding so model outputs stay current and cited.
The move: We can see their two-track move on coding: build Jules as a native cloud agent (plan → clone → execute → PR, all on Google infrastructure) while simultaneously licensing Windsurf's IDE UX innovations and hiring its founding team. This means Google is buying its way into the editor experience layer while building the agent layer from scratch. With Gemini 3 Pro's advanced thinking now powering both, the "grounded, enterprise, autonomous" position is the most complete Google has ever had in developer AI.
Meta
Meta is a major technology company and model provider (Llama). With the acquisition of Manus (Dec 2025, ~$2B) they added a general-purpose task-execution agent product that reached $125M+ annualised run rate just 8 months post-launch. Meta committed to wind down Manus's China operations as part of the deal — a signal that geopolitical pressures are now shaping which AI acquisitions can close.
Aims in the market
- Extend beyond social and ads into agentic AI products that execute tasks for users.
- Integrate Manus's task-automation capabilities into Meta AI for consumer and business use cases.
- Balance open-source (Llama, OpenManus) with commercial agent offerings.
Offerings
- Manus — General-purpose task-execution agent; persistent cloud runs, webhooks, task API; GAIA SOTA; connectors (Gmail, Notion, Calendar, Slack). $125M+ ARR at acquisition.
- OpenManus — Open-source framework for building general AI agents; tool integration and community.
- Llama — Open-weight models used across the industry and inside Meta products.
- Manus API — REST tasks, projects, files, webhooks; OpenAI-compatible SDK.
The move: We can see their move to corner productised autonomous execution with the Manus acquisition — a task-execution agent with persistent runs and a work-app connector set, while keeping an open layer (OpenManus). The speed of the deal (~10 days) and the commitment to wind down China operations signal that Meta sees autonomous task agents as strategically critical, and that national security considerations are now a real constraint on AI M&A. Manus's revenue trajectory ($125M+ ARR in 8 months) also validates demand for general-purpose autonomous agents beyond coding.
JetBrains
JetBrains is the company behind IntelliJ, PyCharm, WebStorm, and other IDEs with a large installed base of professional developers. With the 2026.1 release they moved beyond inline completion into AI Agents in the chat and Agent Skills — multi-step agentic task execution inside the IDE — while receiving Cursor agent traffic via Agent Client Protocol.
Aims in the market
- Keep the JetBrains IDE the primary tool for professional developers while adding agentic AI seamlessly.
- Deliver repo and project context to the model within the IDE — agentic tasks, not just completions.
- Grow AI Assistant adoption through 2026.1 features: AI Agents in chat, Agent Skills, and IDE-native automation.
Offerings
- AI Assistant (2026.1) — Inline completion, chat, and refactoring powered by models inside JetBrains IDEs — now with AI Agents in the chat and Agent Skills for multi-step task execution.
- AI Agents in chat — Agentic task execution inside the AI chat panel — plans and executes multi-step tasks with full IDE context. Shipped in 2026.1.
- Full line of IDEs — IntelliJ, PyCharm, WebStorm, DataGrip, RubyMine, etc. — each with embedded AI and project context updated in 2026.1.
- Agent Client Protocol (ACP) support — JetBrains IDEs can now receive Cursor agents via ACP — Cursor's March 2026 expansion targets the JetBrains installed base.
The move: We can see their move to corner the "incumbent IDE + agentic AI" layer — 2026.1 ships AI Agents and Agent Skills so developers who live in JetBrains get multi-step agentic task execution without switching tools. The ACP dynamic is notable: by accepting Cursor agent traffic, JetBrains became a distribution surface for the broader agent ecosystem, not just a consumer of Anthropic or OpenAI models.
Windsurf (→ Cognition)
Windsurf was Codeium's AI-native VS Code-based editor and a direct Cursor competitor. In 2025–26 it became the centre of the biggest acquisition drama in AI developer tooling: a $3B OpenAI deal collapsed when Microsoft vetoed it (protecting its OpenAI partnership exclusivity), Google struck a $2.4B licensing deal and hired the founding team, and Cognition (Devin) acquired the remaining product and brand. The Windsurf IDE now continues under Cognition's ownership.
Aims in the market
- Under Cognition: combine Windsurf's agentic editing UX with Devin's autonomous agent capabilities into a unified IDE + agent product.
- Under Google licensing: feed Windsurf's UX innovations into Gemini Code Assist and Jules.
Offerings
- Windsurf IDE (by Cognition) — The VS Code–based agentic editor continues under Cognition's ownership, being integrated with Devin's autonomous agent platform.
- Windsurf technology at Google — Google's $2.4B licensing deal brought Windsurf's IDE UX approach and its founding team (CEO Varun Mohan, co-founder Douglas Chen) into the Gemini Code Assist and Jules stack.
The move: Windsurf is the defining consolidation story of 2025–26. Microsoft's veto of the OpenAI acquisition shows that big-tech partnership agreements now constrain M&A at scale — a warning for any AI startup reliant on a single cloud partner. The asset split — technology to Google, product to Cognition — means Windsurf's innovations feed two different directions simultaneously. Watch Cognition (Devin + Windsurf IDE) as the combined autonomous-agent-plus-editor play, and watch how Google's licensing of Windsurf UX shapes Gemini Code Assist in 2026.
Replit
Replit is an AI-native development environment in the browser: code, run, and deploy in one place. With Agent 4 (March 2026) they moved to parallel multi-agent execution — auth, database, backend, and frontend agents running simultaneously with micro VM isolation per task — and added native mobile development (iOS, React Native, Expo Go, one-click App Store publishing).
Aims in the market
- Own the in-browser, zero-friction dev experience for learning, rapid prototyping, and full-stack mobile/web apps.
- Make parallel agent execution (multiple simultaneous builders) the default — not sequential, not single-agent.
- Grow paid plans through Agent 4's speed advantage (claimed 10× faster production delivery) and Turbo mode.
Offerings
- Replit Agent 4 — Parallel agents working simultaneously on auth, database, backend, and frontend. 90% automatic parallel merge conflict resolution. Micro VM isolation per task. Claimed 10× faster production delivery.
- Mobile development — Native iOS app support, React Native scaffolding, Expo Go previews, and one-click App Store publishing — all inside the Replit workspace.
- Pro plan & Turbo mode — Turbo mode (2.5× faster agents), tiered credits with rollover, up to 15 builders, Economy vs. Power agent toggle.
- Replit environment — Browser-based IDE with runtimes, deployment, and collaboration — the full workspace context available to every agent.
The move: We can see their move to corner the "all-in-one builder cloud" layer — Agent 4's parallel execution means Replit is not just a coding environment but a concurrent development platform where multiple specialised agents build different parts of the stack at the same time. Adding mobile closes the last gap in their "build anything, ship anywhere" story. Turbo pricing shows confidence in monetising agent speed as the primary value driver.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
AWS is the dominant cloud provider. CodeWhisperer has been rebranded and expanded into Amazon Q Developer — a broader AI developer product covering code, security scanning, and chat. Bedrock AgentCore has matured into a full managed agent runtime, and a partnership with OpenAI brings o3-variant models to Bedrock alongside an expanded multi-vendor model catalogue.
Aims in the market
- Make Bedrock the default way to use frontier and open-weight models in the cloud with enterprise controls — now including OpenAI o3 variants.
- Make Amazon Q Developer the default AI developer product for teams committed to AWS and existing IDEs.
- Position Bedrock AgentCore as the managed alternative to self-hosted agent frameworks for enterprises.
Offerings
- Amazon Q Developer — Rebranded and expanded from CodeWhisperer: code completion, chat, code review, security scanning, and AWS-context-aware assistance in the IDE.
- Amazon Bedrock AgentCore — Managed serverless agent runtime with memory, tool gateway, identity federation, browser/code interpreter, observability, and policy controls — the enterprise-managed alternative to self-hosted frameworks.
- Amazon Bedrock — Managed access to multiple models — Claude, Llama, OpenAI o3 variants, Mistral, Google, NVIDIA, Qwen — with guardrails and enterprise features. OpenAI partnership delivers stateful agent runtime natively on Bedrock.
- SageMaker and ML platform — Training, deployment, and MLOps for custom and open models.
The move: We can see their move to corner the enterprise and cloud AI layer with a "managed everything" position: Q Developer for the IDE, Bedrock for model choice (now including OpenAI o3 alongside Claude and Llama), and AgentCore for the agent runtime. The OpenAI partnership is the most notable shift — it removes the single-model dependency concern that has kept some enterprise teams off Bedrock, and signals that AWS is betting on model plurality rather than model exclusivity.
Firecrawl
Firecrawl is a web-to-LLM data extraction API: send it a URL, receive clean markdown or structured JSON ready for any AI system. It is now an official Claude MCP server and a Claude Code plugin — solving the data input problem for AI agents that need real-world web content without brittle custom scrapers.
Aims in the market
- Be the default data input layer for AI agents needing live web content.
- Make web-to-LLM pipelines a single API call, not a scraping infrastructure project.
- Integrate natively with every major AI client (Claude Code, Cursor, ChatGPT) via MCP.
Offerings
- Crawl API — Crawl entire websites, extract content as LLM-ready markdown or structured JSON.
- Scrape and Search — Single-page scraping and web search with clean output — no HTML parsing required.
- MCP server — Official MCP server: any MCP-compatible client (Claude Code, Cursor, ChatGPT) can call Firecrawl as a tool without custom integration.
- Self-hosted option — Open-source self-hosted deployment for teams with data privacy or cost requirements.
The move: Firecrawl is cornering the "web context as a service" layer — the piece that sits between the open web and any AI agent that needs real-world data. Becoming an official Claude MCP server means any Claude Code or Cursor workflow can reach the web via a single tool call. As agents are increasingly asked to research, monitor, and act on live information, Firecrawl is the path of least resistance for that data layer.
GStack
GStack is an open-source Claude Code workflow system created by Garry Tan (CEO of Y Combinator). It packages the full software delivery cycle into 28 slash commands — plan, build, review, QA, ship, retro — that Claude Code executes sequentially as a disciplined, reproducible engineering process. Garry Tan shipped 600K+ lines of code in 60 days using it.
Aims in the market
- Turn Claude Code into a virtual engineering team by encoding software delivery discipline into reusable slash commands.
- Make the software delivery process — not just individual tasks — autonomous and reproducible.
- Demonstrate at scale that structured AI workflows can match or exceed traditional team throughput.
Offerings
- Plan → Ship slash commands — 28 opinionated slash commands covering the full delivery cycle: plan, build, review, QA, ship, and retro — each encoding a phase of professional software engineering.
- Headless Chromium integration — Browser automation built in for testing, visual verification, and UI-driven workflows.
- Fast execution — 100–200ms per command call after cold start — designed for scripted, high-frequency use in CI and development loops.
The move: GStack is the first serious open-source attempt to answer the question: what happens when you engineer the *process* around Claude Code, not just individual prompts? The bet is that the bottleneck to AI-driven software delivery is not model capability but the absence of structure — and that encoding engineering discipline into slash commands unlocks throughput that ad-hoc prompting cannot. Garry Tan's 600K LOC in 60 days is the proof of concept; the open-source release is the invitation for the broader community to iterate on it.
Paperclip
Paperclip is an open-source "Company OS" for AI agents — it assigns roles (CEO, engineer, QA, marketer) to any MCP-compatible agent (Claude Code, Cursor, Codex, etc.), manages delegation, and ensures context flows from company goals through project context down to individual agent tasks. v0.3 launched March 2026.
Aims in the market
- Move beyond single-agent workflows toward structured AI teams with org charts, context inheritance, and role-based assignment.
- Solve the coordination problem: ensure every agent understands its role, its context, and how its work connects to broader goals.
- Work with any MCP-compatible agent — model- and tool-agnostic by design.
Offerings
- Role-based agent assignment — Assign CEO, engineer, QA, marketer, and other roles to specific agents — each agent receives the right context and scope for its function.
- SKILLS.md for agent discovery — Agents discover their available capabilities and the capabilities of other agents in the org via a SKILLS.md convention.
- HTTP-based agent communication — Agents communicate via HTTP — works with any MCP-compatible agent regardless of model or runtime.
- Ticketing and delegation — Org chart, task ticketing, and delegation system so work flows from high-level goals to the right agent with the right context.
The move: Paperclip is betting that the next bottleneck in AI-assisted development is not individual agent capability but coordination — the same problem that makes human organisations hard. By bringing org structure (roles, delegation, context inheritance) to multi-agent workflows, Paperclip goes beyond "run multiple agents" to "run an AI company with consistent context and governance." The model-agnostic, MCP-first design means it can sit above Claude Code, Cursor, or any other agent runtime — a coordination layer, not a replacement.